F02: From Political Spectrum to Ideological Fog

Bottom Line

Stable organising logics that structured political competition for generations—the left-right spectrum in Western democracies, ethnic-regional coalitions in post-colonial states, patronage networks in hybrid systems—are dissolving into an ideological fog where individuals construct bespoke political positions from disparate sources. Young voters adopt positions as aesthetic choices rather than inheriting them through family, ethnicity or class, while economic precarity drives support for any promise of relief regardless of consistency. This shift from historically embedded organising frameworks to fluid recombination is accelerated by algorithmic curation, material pressures and historical amnesia and represents a fundamental restructuring of how political power assembles and operates. 

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